QUOCDN
30-03-2006, 20:22
Historically, this approach made sense, since it would have been difficult to implement the Internet architecture if many different networks all had to be modified to support the concept of Internetworking. The notion of layering was introduced to describe the introduction of added services over and above the actual communications capabilities. Indeed, the use of routers between individual networks was another example of this approach, since no changes to any given network were required to participate (via a router) in the nascent Internet. More recently, the possibility was raised that applications could be developed in a more integrated fashion within one or more of the underlying networks.
These integrated applications may still be considered part of the Internet, if not embedded in NGNs, provided that the applications could interoperate with other networks that support the end application.
2.2.1 Public versus private networksA public network is one that can be accessed by any user, while a private network is a network that can only be accessed by some restricted group of people, typically employees of a particular private company.
2.3 What is "the Internet"?
There are many descriptions that seek to answer the question: "What is the Internet?". The following technical definition has been adopted by ITU-T Study Group 13 in Recommendation Y.101 on Global Information Infrastructure terminology
2.4 Some of the relevant organizations
There are a variety of organizations involved in the standardization and development of IP based networks. Some are based on intergovernmental treaties, for example ITU, some are primarily non governmental, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) including the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), and others are a blend of government, private sector, civil society and academic interests, for example the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International lectrotechnical Commission (IEC) and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
2.4.1 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), established in 1865, making it the oldest intergovernmental organization responsible for telegraphy, became later the specialized agency of the United Nations system for telecommunication services , . It serves as an impartial, international organization within which governments and the private sector work together to meet the purpose of the Union as embedded in the ITU Constitution, Article 1, provisions 2 to 19A. The three Sectors of the Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T), and Telecommunication Development (ITU-D)
2.4.2 Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large, open, non governmental international community of network designers, operators, vendors and researchers mainly from industrial countries concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to anyone, and interested individuals participate in their personal capacity.
2.4.3 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
The International Organization for Standardization develops a wide range of standards, of which a well-known example related to IP based networks is ISO 3166, which defines the country codes used in country code top level domain names (ccTLDs); see:
• http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html
ICANN's structure consists of three supporting organizations and five advisory committees, which propose policies for consideration by the ICANN Board of Directors. These groups include:
The Address Supporting Organization (ASO). ASO comprises the five regional Internet registries (RIRs), that collectively share a global responsibility delegated to them for distributing IP addresses to those in need of one. Through ASO, the RIRs propose global addressing policy to the ICANN Board.
The Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO). GNSO is the policy development body responsible for developing and recommending to the ICANN Board substantive policies relating to gTLDs such as .com, .org, .biz, .info, or .museum.
The country code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO). ccNSO is responsible for developing appropriate global policy regarding ccTLD management at global level.
(Viet Nam) - This project was the first Asian Electronic Commerce Center operational at the Vietnam Trade Network. The project allowed the interconnection of other e commerce projects in both developed and developing countries. The project was funded with in-kind contribution from ITU's industry partners. Owing to the high cost of Internet access, the sustainability of this project is endangered. (ITU)
These integrated applications may still be considered part of the Internet, if not embedded in NGNs, provided that the applications could interoperate with other networks that support the end application.
2.2.1 Public versus private networksA public network is one that can be accessed by any user, while a private network is a network that can only be accessed by some restricted group of people, typically employees of a particular private company.
2.3 What is "the Internet"?
There are many descriptions that seek to answer the question: "What is the Internet?". The following technical definition has been adopted by ITU-T Study Group 13 in Recommendation Y.101 on Global Information Infrastructure terminology
2.4 Some of the relevant organizations
There are a variety of organizations involved in the standardization and development of IP based networks. Some are based on intergovernmental treaties, for example ITU, some are primarily non governmental, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) including the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), and others are a blend of government, private sector, civil society and academic interests, for example the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International lectrotechnical Commission (IEC) and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
2.4.1 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), established in 1865, making it the oldest intergovernmental organization responsible for telegraphy, became later the specialized agency of the United Nations system for telecommunication services , . It serves as an impartial, international organization within which governments and the private sector work together to meet the purpose of the Union as embedded in the ITU Constitution, Article 1, provisions 2 to 19A. The three Sectors of the Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T), and Telecommunication Development (ITU-D)
2.4.2 Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large, open, non governmental international community of network designers, operators, vendors and researchers mainly from industrial countries concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to anyone, and interested individuals participate in their personal capacity.
2.4.3 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
The International Organization for Standardization develops a wide range of standards, of which a well-known example related to IP based networks is ISO 3166, which defines the country codes used in country code top level domain names (ccTLDs); see:
• http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html
ICANN's structure consists of three supporting organizations and five advisory committees, which propose policies for consideration by the ICANN Board of Directors. These groups include:
The Address Supporting Organization (ASO). ASO comprises the five regional Internet registries (RIRs), that collectively share a global responsibility delegated to them for distributing IP addresses to those in need of one. Through ASO, the RIRs propose global addressing policy to the ICANN Board.
The Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO). GNSO is the policy development body responsible for developing and recommending to the ICANN Board substantive policies relating to gTLDs such as .com, .org, .biz, .info, or .museum.
The country code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO). ccNSO is responsible for developing appropriate global policy regarding ccTLD management at global level.
(Viet Nam) - This project was the first Asian Electronic Commerce Center operational at the Vietnam Trade Network. The project allowed the interconnection of other e commerce projects in both developed and developing countries. The project was funded with in-kind contribution from ITU's industry partners. Owing to the high cost of Internet access, the sustainability of this project is endangered. (ITU)