vikhoa
24-01-2003, 14:12
Security in a Connected World
As we increasingly rely on the Internet to communicate and conduct business, a secure computing platform has never been more important. Along with the vast benefits of increased connectivity, new security risks have emerged on a scale that few in our industry fully anticipated.
As everyone who uses a computer knows, the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data and systems can be compromised in many ways, from hacker attacks to Internet-based worms. These security breaches carry significant costs. Although many companies do not detect or report attacks, the most recent computer crime and security survey performed by the Computer Security Institute and the Federal Bureau of Investigation totaled more than $455 million in quantified financial losses in the United States alone in 2001. Of those surveyed, 74 percent cited their Internet connection as a key point of attack.
As a leader in the computing industry, Microsoft has a responsibility to help its customers address these concerns, so they no longer have to choose between security and usability. This is a long-term effort. As attacks on computer networks become more sophisticated, we must innovate in many areas – such as digital rights management, public key cryptology, multi-site authentication, and enhanced network and PC protection – to enable people to manage their information securely.
A year ago, I challenged Microsoft's 50,000 employees to build a Trustworthy Computing environment for customers so that computing is as reliable as the electricity that powers our homes and businesses today. To meet Microsoft’s goal of creating products that combine the best of innovation and predictability, we are focusing on four specific areas: security, privacy, reliability and business integrity. Over the past year, we have made significant progress on all these fronts. In particular, I'd like to report on the advances we’ve made and the challenges we still face in the security area. As a subscriber to Executive Emails from Microsoft, I hope you will find this information helpful.
In order to realize the full potential of computers to advance e-commerce, enable new kinds of communication and enhance productivity, security will need to improve dramatically. Based on discussions with customers and our own internal reviews, it was clear that we needed to create a framework that would support the kind of innovation, state-of-the-art processes and cultural shifts necessary to make a fundamental advance in the security of our software products. In the past year we have created new product-design methodologies, coding practices, test procedures, security-incident handling and product-support processes that meet the objectives of this security framework:
Secure by Design: In early 2002 we took the unprecedented step of stopping the development work of 8,500 Windows engineers while the company conducted 10 weeks of intensive security training and analyzed the Windows code base. Although engineers receive formal academic training on developing security features, there is very little training available on how to write secure code. Every Windows engineer, plus several thousand engineers in other parts of the company, was given special training covering secure programming, testing techniques and threat modeling. The threat modeling process, rare in the software world, taught program managers, architects and testers to think like attackers. And indeed, fully one-half of all bugs identified during the Windows security push were found during threat analysis.
We have also made important breakthroughs in minimizing the amount of security-related code in products that is vulnerable to attack, and in our ability to test large pieces of code more efficiently. Because testing is both time-consuming and costly, it’s important that defects are detected as early as possible in the development cycle. To optimize which tests are run at what points in the design cycle, Microsoft has developed a system that prioritizes the application’s given set of tests, based on what changes have been made to the program. The system is able to operate on large programs built from millions of lines of source code, and produce results within a few minutes, when previously it took hours or days.
The scope of our security reviews represents an unprecedented level of effort for software manufacturers, and it’s begun to pay off as vulnerabilities are eliminated through offerings like Windows XP Service Pack 1. We also put Visual Studio .NET through an incredibly vigorous design review, threat modeling and security push, and in the coming months we will be releasing other major products that have gone through our Trustworthy Computing security review cycle: Windows Server 2003, the next versions of SQL and Exchange Servers, and Office 11.
Looking ahead, we are working on a new hardware/software architecture for the Windows PC platform (initially codenamed “Palladium”), which will significantly enhance the integrity, privacy and data security of computer systems by eliminating many “weak links.” For example, today anyone can look into a graphics card’s memory, which is obviously not good if the memory contains a user's banking transactions or other sensitive information. Part of the focus of this initiative is to provide “curtained” memory – pages of memory that are walled off from other applications and even the operating system to prevent surreptitious observation – as well as the ability to provide security along the path from keyboard to monitor. This technology will also attest to the reliability of data, and provide sealed storage, so valuable information can only be accessed by trusted software components.
Secure by Default: In the past, a product feature was typically enabled by default if there was any possibility that a customer might want to use it. Today, we are closely examining when to pre-configure products as “locked down,” meaning that the most secure options are the default settings. For example, in the forthcoming Windows Server 2003, services such as Content Indexing Service, Messenger and NetDDE will be turned off by default. In Office XP, macros are turned off by default. VBScript is turned off by default in Office XP SP1. And Internet Explorer frame display is disabled in the “restricted sites” zone, which reduces the opportunity for the frames mechanism in HTML email to be used as an attack vector.
Secure in Deployment: To help customers deploy and maintain our products securely, we have updated and significantly expanded our security tools in the past year. Consumers and small businesses can stay up to date on security patches by using the automatic update feature of Windows Update. Last year, we introduced Software Update Services (SUS) and the Systems Management Server 2.0 SUS Feature Pack to improve patch management for larger enterprises. We released Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer, which scans for missing security updates, analyzes configurations for poor or weak security settings, and advises users how to fix the issues found. We have also introduced prescriptive documents for Windows 2000 and Exchange to help ensure that customers can configure and deploy these products more securely. In addition, we are working with a number of major customers to implement smart cards as a way of minimizing the weak link associated with passwords. Microsoft itself now requires smart cards for remote access by employees, and over time we expect that most businesses will go to smart card ID systems.
Communications: To keep customers better informed about security issues, we made several important changes over the past year. Feedback from customers indicated that our security bulletins, though useful to IT professionals, were too detailed for the typical consumer. Customers also told us they wanted more differentiation on security fixes, so they could quickly decide which ones to prioritize. In response, Microsoft worked with industry professionals to develop a new security bulletin severity rating system, and introduced consumer bulletins. We are also developing an email notification system that will enable customers to subscribe to the particular security bulletins they want.
What's Next
In the past decade, computers and networks have become an integral part of business processes and everyday life. In the Digital Decade we’re now embarking on, billions of intelligent devices will be connected to the Internet. This fundamental change will bring great opportunities as well as new, constantly evolving security challenges.
While we've accomplished a lot in the past year, there is still more to do – at Microsoft and across our industry. We invested more than $200 million in 2002 improving Windows security, and significantly more on our security work with other products. In the coming year, we will continue to work with customers, government officials and industry partners to deliver more secure products, and to share our findings and knowledge about security. In the meantime, there are three things customers can do to help: 1) stay up to date on patches, 2) use anti-virus software and keep it up to date with the latest signatures, and 3) use firewalls.
There's much more I'd like to share with you about our security initiatives. If you would like to dig deeper, here are information and links to help you make your computer systems more secure.
Bill Gates
As we increasingly rely on the Internet to communicate and conduct business, a secure computing platform has never been more important. Along with the vast benefits of increased connectivity, new security risks have emerged on a scale that few in our industry fully anticipated.
As everyone who uses a computer knows, the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data and systems can be compromised in many ways, from hacker attacks to Internet-based worms. These security breaches carry significant costs. Although many companies do not detect or report attacks, the most recent computer crime and security survey performed by the Computer Security Institute and the Federal Bureau of Investigation totaled more than $455 million in quantified financial losses in the United States alone in 2001. Of those surveyed, 74 percent cited their Internet connection as a key point of attack.
As a leader in the computing industry, Microsoft has a responsibility to help its customers address these concerns, so they no longer have to choose between security and usability. This is a long-term effort. As attacks on computer networks become more sophisticated, we must innovate in many areas – such as digital rights management, public key cryptology, multi-site authentication, and enhanced network and PC protection – to enable people to manage their information securely.
A year ago, I challenged Microsoft's 50,000 employees to build a Trustworthy Computing environment for customers so that computing is as reliable as the electricity that powers our homes and businesses today. To meet Microsoft’s goal of creating products that combine the best of innovation and predictability, we are focusing on four specific areas: security, privacy, reliability and business integrity. Over the past year, we have made significant progress on all these fronts. In particular, I'd like to report on the advances we’ve made and the challenges we still face in the security area. As a subscriber to Executive Emails from Microsoft, I hope you will find this information helpful.
In order to realize the full potential of computers to advance e-commerce, enable new kinds of communication and enhance productivity, security will need to improve dramatically. Based on discussions with customers and our own internal reviews, it was clear that we needed to create a framework that would support the kind of innovation, state-of-the-art processes and cultural shifts necessary to make a fundamental advance in the security of our software products. In the past year we have created new product-design methodologies, coding practices, test procedures, security-incident handling and product-support processes that meet the objectives of this security framework:
Secure by Design: In early 2002 we took the unprecedented step of stopping the development work of 8,500 Windows engineers while the company conducted 10 weeks of intensive security training and analyzed the Windows code base. Although engineers receive formal academic training on developing security features, there is very little training available on how to write secure code. Every Windows engineer, plus several thousand engineers in other parts of the company, was given special training covering secure programming, testing techniques and threat modeling. The threat modeling process, rare in the software world, taught program managers, architects and testers to think like attackers. And indeed, fully one-half of all bugs identified during the Windows security push were found during threat analysis.
We have also made important breakthroughs in minimizing the amount of security-related code in products that is vulnerable to attack, and in our ability to test large pieces of code more efficiently. Because testing is both time-consuming and costly, it’s important that defects are detected as early as possible in the development cycle. To optimize which tests are run at what points in the design cycle, Microsoft has developed a system that prioritizes the application’s given set of tests, based on what changes have been made to the program. The system is able to operate on large programs built from millions of lines of source code, and produce results within a few minutes, when previously it took hours or days.
The scope of our security reviews represents an unprecedented level of effort for software manufacturers, and it’s begun to pay off as vulnerabilities are eliminated through offerings like Windows XP Service Pack 1. We also put Visual Studio .NET through an incredibly vigorous design review, threat modeling and security push, and in the coming months we will be releasing other major products that have gone through our Trustworthy Computing security review cycle: Windows Server 2003, the next versions of SQL and Exchange Servers, and Office 11.
Looking ahead, we are working on a new hardware/software architecture for the Windows PC platform (initially codenamed “Palladium”), which will significantly enhance the integrity, privacy and data security of computer systems by eliminating many “weak links.” For example, today anyone can look into a graphics card’s memory, which is obviously not good if the memory contains a user's banking transactions or other sensitive information. Part of the focus of this initiative is to provide “curtained” memory – pages of memory that are walled off from other applications and even the operating system to prevent surreptitious observation – as well as the ability to provide security along the path from keyboard to monitor. This technology will also attest to the reliability of data, and provide sealed storage, so valuable information can only be accessed by trusted software components.
Secure by Default: In the past, a product feature was typically enabled by default if there was any possibility that a customer might want to use it. Today, we are closely examining when to pre-configure products as “locked down,” meaning that the most secure options are the default settings. For example, in the forthcoming Windows Server 2003, services such as Content Indexing Service, Messenger and NetDDE will be turned off by default. In Office XP, macros are turned off by default. VBScript is turned off by default in Office XP SP1. And Internet Explorer frame display is disabled in the “restricted sites” zone, which reduces the opportunity for the frames mechanism in HTML email to be used as an attack vector.
Secure in Deployment: To help customers deploy and maintain our products securely, we have updated and significantly expanded our security tools in the past year. Consumers and small businesses can stay up to date on security patches by using the automatic update feature of Windows Update. Last year, we introduced Software Update Services (SUS) and the Systems Management Server 2.0 SUS Feature Pack to improve patch management for larger enterprises. We released Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer, which scans for missing security updates, analyzes configurations for poor or weak security settings, and advises users how to fix the issues found. We have also introduced prescriptive documents for Windows 2000 and Exchange to help ensure that customers can configure and deploy these products more securely. In addition, we are working with a number of major customers to implement smart cards as a way of minimizing the weak link associated with passwords. Microsoft itself now requires smart cards for remote access by employees, and over time we expect that most businesses will go to smart card ID systems.
Communications: To keep customers better informed about security issues, we made several important changes over the past year. Feedback from customers indicated that our security bulletins, though useful to IT professionals, were too detailed for the typical consumer. Customers also told us they wanted more differentiation on security fixes, so they could quickly decide which ones to prioritize. In response, Microsoft worked with industry professionals to develop a new security bulletin severity rating system, and introduced consumer bulletins. We are also developing an email notification system that will enable customers to subscribe to the particular security bulletins they want.
What's Next
In the past decade, computers and networks have become an integral part of business processes and everyday life. In the Digital Decade we’re now embarking on, billions of intelligent devices will be connected to the Internet. This fundamental change will bring great opportunities as well as new, constantly evolving security challenges.
While we've accomplished a lot in the past year, there is still more to do – at Microsoft and across our industry. We invested more than $200 million in 2002 improving Windows security, and significantly more on our security work with other products. In the coming year, we will continue to work with customers, government officials and industry partners to deliver more secure products, and to share our findings and knowledge about security. In the meantime, there are three things customers can do to help: 1) stay up to date on patches, 2) use anti-virus software and keep it up to date with the latest signatures, and 3) use firewalls.
There's much more I'd like to share with you about our security initiatives. If you would like to dig deeper, here are information and links to help you make your computer systems more secure.
Bill Gates